Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
Por:
Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea M, Bentham J, Paciorek C, Iurilli M, Carrillo-Larco R, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens G, Riley L, Cowan M, Savin S, Gregg E, Black R, Ezzati M, Abarca-Gomez L, Abdeen Z, Abdrakhmanova S, Ghaffar S, Rahim H, Abu-Rmeileh N, Garba J, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams R, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agdeppa I, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas C, Agyemang C, Ahmad M, Ahmad N, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmed S, Ahrens W, Aitmurzaeva G, Ajlouni K, Al-Hazzaa H, Al-Othman A, Al-Raddadi R, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali M, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Allin K, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar D, Amiri P, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen L, Anderssen S, Angquist L, Anjana R, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araujo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku R, Arlappa N, Aryal K, Aspelund T, Assah F, Assuncao M, Aung M, Auvinen J, Avdicova M, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu B, Jorgensen M, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker J, Balakrishna N, 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Capanzana M, Capkova N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso V, Carlsson A, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajus J, Casanueva F, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar J, Chamukuttan S, Chan A, Chan Q, Chaturvedi H, Chaturvedi N, Rahim N, Chen C, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou S, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque M, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro D, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin S, Cooper C, Coppinger T, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig C, Crampin A, Crujeiras A, Csilla S, Cucu A, Cui L, Cureau F, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Saavedra M, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard C, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft T, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira P, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij S, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev A, DeGennaro V, Dehghan A, 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Publicada:
7 nov 2020
Resumen:
Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged
children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age
trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index
(BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height
gain, for school-aged children and adolescents.
Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic
risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor
Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age
groups for ages 5-19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes
over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with
age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth
during adolescence.
Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with
measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200
countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm
or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries
with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and
Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro,
Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations
(Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and
Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same
year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island
countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand
for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean
BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and
girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9-10
kg/m(2). In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier
height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as
the best performing countries, but they became progressively less
healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not
growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium
and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls
and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in
South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children
overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic,
Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and
Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height
and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan),
and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland,
and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over
the past 3.5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in
other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in
BMI. The unhealthiest changes-gaining too little height, too much weight
for their height compared with children in other countries, or
both-occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and
the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations
for boys; and in Mexico for girls.
Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of
school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across
countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and
lifelong health advantages and risks. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s).
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Filiaciones:
Redon J:
no
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration:
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid
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