Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study.


Por: Frostad J, Nguyen Q, Baumann M, Blacker B, Marczak L, Deshpande A, Wiens K, LeGrand K, Johnson K, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdoli A, Abolhassani H, Abreu L, Abrigo M, Abu-Rmeileh N, Adekanmbi V, Agrawal A, Ahmed M, Al-Aly Z, Alanezi F, Alcalde-Rabanal J, Alipour V, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Amegah A, Amini S, Amiri F, Amugsi D, Ancuceanu R, Andrei C, Andrei T, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Athari S, Ausloos M, Ayano G, Aynalem Y, Azari S, Badiye A, Baig A, Balakrishnan K, Banach M, Basu S, Bedi N, Bell M, Bennett D, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Bibi S, Bohlouli S, Boufous S, Bragazzi N, Braithwaite D, Nagaraja S, Butt Z, dos Santos F, Car J, Cardenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Cerin E, Chattu S, Chattu V, Chaturvedi P, Chaturvedi S, Chen S, Chu D, Chung S, Dahlawi S, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh A, Das J, Dash A, Davila-Cervantes C, De Leo D, De Neve J, Demissie G, Denova-Gutierrez E, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhimal M, Dhungana G, Diaz D, Dipeolu I, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Duraes A, Edinur H, Efendi F, El Tantawi M, Eskandarieh S, Fadhil I, Fattahi N, Fauk N, Fereshtehnejad S, Folayan M, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaidhane A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gilani S, Gill T, Goulart A, Goulart B, Grada A, Gubari M, Guido D, Guo Y, Das Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutierrez R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh R, Hasaballah A, Hassanipour S, Hayat K, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henry N, Herteliu C, Hosseinzadeh M, Hsairi M, Hu G, Ibitoye S, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Irvani S, Islam S, Iwu C, Jaafari J, Jakovljevic M, Javaheri T, Jha R, Ji J, Jonas J, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Kapil U, Kapoor N, Kayode G, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khalid N, Khan E, Khan M, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater M, Khatib M, Khayamzadeh M, Khubchandani J, Kim G, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knibbs L, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lami F, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lee P, Lewycka S, Li S, Machado D, Mahasha P, Maheri M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mansouri B, Mansournia M, Martinez N, Martini S, Martins-Melo F, Mayala B, Mehndiratta M, Mendoza W, Menezes R, Mengesha E, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Michalek I, Mirrakhimov E, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Moazen B, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mosapour A, Mouodi S, Khaneghah A, Mukhopadhyay S, Munro S, Murray C, Nagarajan A, Naghavi M, Nair S, Nangia V, Nascimento B, Nazari J, Negoi I, Netsere H, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen H, Noubiap J, Oancea B, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Bali A, Onwujekwe O, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pandey A, Park E, Patel S, Pham H, Pilgrim T, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel K, Postma M, Syed Z, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rahim F, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahmani A, Ranabhat C, Rao S, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rath G, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renzaho A, Reshmi B, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera G, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahiledengle B, Salem M, Samy A, Santric-Milicevic M, Saraswathy S, Sathian B, Sathish T, Schwebel D, Sepanlou S, Shahabi S, Shaheen A, Shahid I, Shaikh M, Shalash A, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty R, Shiferaw W, Shigematsu M, Il Shin J, Shivakumar K, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Singh B, Singh J, Sintayehu Y, Sorrie M, Soyiri I, Spurlock E, Sreeramareddy C, Stockfelt L, Sufiyan M, Abdulkader R, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Taherkhani A, Temsah M, Thankappan K, Tovani-Palone M, Traini E, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Tahbaz S, Varughese S, Violante F, Vo B, Vu G, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Welgan C, Werdecker A, Jabbari S, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yilma M, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yu Y, Bin Zaman S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Brauer M, Hay S, Reiner R

Publicada: 1 oct 2022
Resumen:
BACKGROUND: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. METHODS: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km?×?5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. FINDINGS: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205?000 (95% uncertainty interval 147?000-257?000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. INTERPRETATION: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Filiaciones:
Frostad J:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Nguyen Q:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Baumann M:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Blacker B:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Marczak L:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Deshpande A:
 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA

Wiens K:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA

LeGrand K:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Johnson K:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Abbasi-Kangevari M:
 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Abdoli A:
 Jahrom Univ Med Sci, Zoonoses Res Ctr, Jahrom, Iran

Abolhassani H:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran

 Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden

Abreu L:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat Dent, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Abrigo M:
 Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines

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 Birzeit Univ, Inst Community & Publ Hlth, Ramallah, Palestine

Adekanmbi V:
 Univ Texas Galveston, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Galveston, TX USA

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 Ashoka Univ, Trivedi Sch Biosci, Sonipat, India

 Baylor Coll Med, Sect Gen Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA

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 Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia

 Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Al-Aly Z:
 Washington Univ, John T Milliken Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO USA

 US Dept Vet Affairs, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA

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 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Alcalde-Rabanal J:
 Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

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 Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Econ, Tehran, Iran

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 King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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 Univ La Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia

 Univ Cartagena, Res Grp Hlth Econ, Cartagena, Colombia

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 Univ La Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia

 Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia

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 Univ Cape Coast, Dept Biomed Sci, Cape Coast, Ghana

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 Khomein Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Khomein, Iran

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 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran

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 African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing, Nairobi, Kenya

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 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Pharm, Bucharest, Romania

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 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Cardiol, Bucharest, Romania

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 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania

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 Sebelas Maret Univ, Agribusiness Study Program, Surakarta, Indonesia

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 Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sari, Iran

 Iranshahr Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Iranshahr, Iran

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 Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

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 Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India

 Univ Calcutta, Dept Stat, Kolkata, India

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 Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada

 Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan

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 Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol, Gainesville, FL USA

 Univ Florida, Canc Populat Sci Program, Hlth Canc Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA

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 Employee State Insurance Post Grad Inst Med Sci A, Dept Community Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

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 Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada

 Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

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 Fed Polytech Sch Lausanne, Inst Microengn, Lausanne, Switzerland

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 Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England

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 Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

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 Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal

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 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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 Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia

 Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia

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 Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

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 Texila Amer Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana

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 Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Sawangi, India

 Saveetha Univ, Saveetha Med Coll, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

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 Tata Mem Hosp, Ctr Canc Epidemiol, Navi Mumbai, India

 Tata Mem Hosp, Dept Head Neck Surg, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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 Dr DY Patil Univ, Dept Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India

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 Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany

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 VNU Int Sch, Ctr Biomed & Community Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam

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 UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England

 Hlth Data Res UK, London, England

Dahlawi S:
 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Environm Hlth Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Damiani G:
 Univ Milan, IRCCS Ist Ortoped Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA

Dandona L:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India

 Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India

Dandona R:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India

Darwesh A:
 Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

Das J:
 Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan

Dash A:
 Asian Inst Publ Hlth Univ, Bhubaneswar, India

Davila-Cervantes C:
 Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

De Leo D:
 Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia

De Neve J:
 Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany

Demissie G:
 Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia

Denova-Gutierrez E:
 Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

Dey S:
 Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi, India

Dharmaratne S:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Dhimal M:
 Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal

Dhungana G:
 Far Western Univ, Dept Microbiol, Mahendranagar, Nepal

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 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

 Autonomous Univ Sinaloa, Fac Vet Med & Zootech, Culiacan, Rosales, Mexico

Dipeolu I:
 Univ Ibadan, Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria

Dorostkar F:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Lab Sci, Tehran, Iran

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 Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tabriz, Iran

Duraes A:
 Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil

 Bahiana Sch Med & Public Hlth, Dept Internal Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil

Edinur H:
 Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Hlth Sci, Kubangkerian, Malaysia

Efendi F:
 Univ Airlangga, Community Hlth Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia

 La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

El Tantawi M:
 Alexandria Univ, Pediat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria, Egypt

Eskandarieh S:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Fadhil I:
 Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Div Noncommunicable Dis, Dubai, U Arab Emirates

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 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran

Fauk N:
 Torrens Univ Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia

 Inst Resource Governance & Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia

Fereshtehnejad S:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden

 Univ Ottawa, Div Neurol, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Folayan M:
 Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Ife, Nigeria

Foroutan M:
 Abadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol, Abadan, Iran

 Abadan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Abadan, Iran

Fukumoto T:
 Kobe Univ, Dept Dermatol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

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 Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India

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 Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran

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 Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Qazvin, Iran

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 Univ Lahore, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan

 Afro Asian Inst, Lahore, Pakistan

Gill T:
 Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia

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 Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil

 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Goulart B:
 Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

 Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Grada A:
 Boston Univ, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA

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 Univ Sulaimani, Dept Family & Community Med, Sulaimani, Iraq

Guido D:
 Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta Neurol, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Salute Pubbl & Disabilit, Milan, Italy

Guo Y:
 Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Binzhou Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Yantai, Peoples R China

Gupta R:
 Univ South Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC USA

 BRAC Univ, Ctr Noncommunicable Dis & Nutr, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

 Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci, Dept Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Gutierrez R:
 Ramon de la Fuente Muniz Natl Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

Hafezi-Nejad N:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran

Hamadeh R:
 Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, Bahrain

Hasaballah A:
 Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt

Hassanipour S:
 Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran

 Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran

Hayat K:
 Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan

 Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Heibati B:
 Univ Oulu, Ctr Environm & Resp Hlth Res, Oulu, Finland

Heidari-Soureshjani R:
 Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Nursing, Tehran, Iran

Henry N:
 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England

Herteliu C:
 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania

 London South Bank Univ, Sch Business, London, England

Hosseinzadeh M:
 Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang, Vietnam

Hsairi M:
 Univ Tunis El Manar, Fac Med Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia

Hu G:
 Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China

Ibitoye S:
 Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ilesanmi O:
 Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria

 Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ilic I:
 Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia

Ilic M:
 Univ Kragujevac, Dept Epidemiol, Kragujevac, Serbia

Islam S:
 Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia

 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Iwu C:
 Univ Pretoria, Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa

Jaafari J:
 Guilan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Rasht, Iran

Jakovljevic M:
 Peter Great St Petersburg Polytech Univ, Inst Adv Mfg Technol, St Petersburg, Russia

 Hosei Univ, Inst Comparat Econ Studies, Tokyo, Japan

Javaheri T:
 Boston Univ, Hlth Informat Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA

Jha R:
 Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India

 Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Ji J:
 Tsinghua Univ, Vanke Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China

Jonas J:
 Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany

Kabir A:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Minimally Invas Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Kabir Z:
 Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland

Kalhor R:
 Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran

 Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran

Kamyari N:
 Abadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Abadan, Iran

Kanchan T:
 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

Kapil U:
 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Clin Res, New Delhi, India

Kapoor N:
 Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Kayode G:
 Int Res Ctr Excellence, Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

 Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands

Keiyoro P:
 Univ Nairobi, Open Distance & eLearning Campus, Nairobi, Kenya

Khader Y:
 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan

Khalid N:
 Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, Pakistan

Khan E:
 Hlth Serv Acad, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Islamabad, Pakistan

Khan M:
 Jazan Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

 Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam Univ, Dept Populat Sci, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Khatab K:
 Sheffield Hallam Univ, Fac Hlth & Wellbeing, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England

 Ohio Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Zanesville, OH USA

Khater M:
 Cairo Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt

Khatib M:
 Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Global Evidence Synth Initiat, Wardha, India

Khayamzadeh M:
 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran

 Iranian Acad Med Sci, Tehran, Iran

Khubchandani J:
 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Las Cruces, NM USA

Kim G:
 Yonsei Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res, Seoul, South Korea

Kim Y:
 Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Sepang, Malaysia

Kimokoti R:
 Simmons Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA USA

Kisa A:
 Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway

 Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA USA

Kisa S:
 Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway

Knibbs L:
 Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Koul P:
 Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, India

Koyanagi A:
 Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Pk, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain

 Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, Barcelona, Spain

Krishan K:
 Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India

Kumar G:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India

Kumar M:
 UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England

 Univ Nairobi, Dept Psychiat, Nairobi, Kenya

Kusuma D:
 Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, London, England

 Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Depok, Indonesia

La Vecchia C:
 Univ Milan, Dept Clin Sci & Community Hlth, Milan, Italy

Lacey B:
 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England

 Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Oxford, England

Lami F:
 Univ Baghdad, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, Iraq

Lan Q:
 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA

Lasrado S:
 Father Muller Med Coll, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Mangalore, India

Lauriola P:
 Int Soc Doctors Environm, Arezzo, Italy

Lee P:
 Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, England

Lewycka S:
 Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England

 Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam

Li S:
 Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Machado D:
 Oswald Cruz Fdn FIOCRUZ, Ctr Integrat Data & Hlth Knowledge, Salvador, BA, Brazil

 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Global Mental Hlth, London, England

Mahasha P:
 South African Med Res Council, Grants Innovat & Prod Dev Unit, Cape Town, South Africa

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 Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Orumiyeh, Iran

Majeed A:
 Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England

Maleki A:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran

 Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran

Malekzadeh R:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran

 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran

Malta D:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Mansouri B:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran

Mansournia M:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran

Martinez N:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Martini S:
 Univ Airlangga, Fac Publ Hlth, Surabaya, Indonesia

 Indonesian Publ Hlth Assoc, Surabaya, Indonesia

Martins-Melo F:
 Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Cear, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil

Mayala B:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 ICF Int, Demog & Hlth Surveys Program, Rockville, MD USA

Mehndiratta M:
 Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India

 Govind Ballabh Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India

Mendoza W:
 United Nations Populat Fund, Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru

Menezes R:
 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Mengesha E:
 Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahirdar, Ethiopia

Meretoja T:
 Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland

 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Mestrovic T:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia

Michalek I:
 Lausanne Univ Hosp, Woman Mother Child Dept, Lausanne, Switzerland

Mirrakhimov E:
 Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Internal Med Programme, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

 Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Mirzaei M:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Rehabil & Sports Med, Kermanshah, Iran

Mirzaei R:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Water Qual Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Iran Univ Med Sci, Comprehens Res Lab, Tehran, Iran

Moazen B:
 Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany

 Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res, Frankfurt, Germany

Mohammad Y:
 King Saud Univ, Internal Med Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mohammadian-Hafshejani A:
 Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran

Mohammed S:
 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria

 Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany

Mokdad A:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Monasta L:
 Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy

Moradi-Lakeh M:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Moraga P:
 King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Elect Math Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Morawska L:
 Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Mosapour A:
 Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran

 Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol, Iran

Mouodi S:
 Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran

Khaneghah A:
 Prof Waclaw Browski Inst Agr & Food Biotechnol, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Prod Technol, Warsaw, Poland

Mukhopadhyay S:
 Inst Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, India

 Seth Sukhlal Karnani Mem Hosp, Kolkata, India

Munro S:
 Invitae, Sci Commun Dept, Boulder, CO USA

Murray C:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Nagarajan A:
 Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

 Bioinsil Technol, Dept Res & Analyt, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Naghavi M:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Nair S:
 Govt Med Coll Trivandrum, Dept Pulm Med, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

 Hlth Act People, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

Nangia V:
 Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Nascimento B:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Clin Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Nazari J:
 Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arak, Iran

Negoi I:
 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania

 Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania

Netsere H:
 Univ Gondar, Sch Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia

 Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia

Ngunjiri J:
 Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, Kenya

Nguyen H:
 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam

Noubiap J:
 Univ Adelaide, Ctr Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Oancea B:
 Univ Bucharest, Adm & Econ Sci Dept, Bucharest, Romania

Ogbo F:
 Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Oh I:
 Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea

Olagunju A:
 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada

 Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria

Olusanya B:
 Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria

Olusanya J:
 Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria

Bali A:
 Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

Onwujekwe O:
 Univ Nigeria Nsukka, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Enugu, Nigeria

Otstavnov N:
 Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia

Otstavnov S:
 Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia

 Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Project Management, Moscow, Russia

Owolabi M:
 Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria

 Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria

Mahesh P:
 Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Acad Hlth Educ An, Dept Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Pandey A:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India

Park E:
 Yonsei Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res, Seoul, South Korea

 Yonsei Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea

 Kosin Univ, Dept Med Human & Social Med, Busan, South Korea

Patel S:
 Population Council, Dept Poverty Gender & Youth, New Delhi, India

Pham H:
 Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Pilgrim T:
 Univ Bern, Dept Cardiol, Bern, Switzerland

Pirsaheb M:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran

Pokhrel K:
 Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal

Postma M:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

 Univ Groningen, Sch Econ & Business, Groningen, Netherlands

Syed Z:
 Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India

Rabiee N:
 Macquarie Univ, Sch Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang, South Korea

Radfar A:
 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL USA

Rahim F:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Rahman M:
 La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Maharishi Markandeshwar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Commun Med, Solan, India

 Federat Univ Australia, Sch Nursing & Healthcare Profess, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

Rahmani A:
 Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Huwei Township, Yunlin, Taiwan

Ranabhat C:
 Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal

 Global Ctr Res & Dev, Hlth & Publ Policy Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal

Rao S:
 Sharavathi Dent Coll & Hosp, Dept Oral Pathol, Shimogga, India

Rasella D:
 Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Collect Hlth, Salvador, BA, Brazil

Rastogi P:
 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India

Rath G:
 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Delhi, India

Rawaf D:
 Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England

 Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England

Rawaf S:
 Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England

 Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England

Rawal L:
 CQ Univ, Sch Hlth Med & Appl Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Rawassizadeh R:
 Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA

Renzaho A:
 Western Sydney Univ, Sch Med & Translat Hlth Res Inst, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia

Reshmi B:
 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, Karnataka, India

Rezaei N:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst, Tehran, Iran

 Universal Sci Educ & Res Network, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun, Tehran, Iran

Rezapour A:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Rickard J:
 Univ Minnesota, Dept Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA

 Univ Teaching Hosp Kigali, Dept Surg, Kigali, Rwanda

Roever L:
 Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil

Ronfani L:
 Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy

Rostamian M:
 Gonabad Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Gonabad, Iran

Rubagotti E:
 Mohammed VI Polytech Univ UM6P, African Genome Ctr, Ben Guerir, Morocco

 Univ Icesi, Ctr Res Congenital Anomalies & Rare Dis, Cali, Colombia

Rwegerera G:
 Univ Botswana, Dept Internal Med, Gaborone, Botswana

Saddik B:
 Univ Sharjah, Sharjah Inst Med Res, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates

Sadeghi E:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran

Moghaddam S:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Sagar R:
 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, New Delhi, India

Sahebkar A:
 Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Appl Biomed Res Ctr, Mashhad, Iran

 Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Mashhad, Iran

Sahiledengle B:
 Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Bale Robe, Ethiopia

Salem M:
 Cairo Univ, Publ Hlth & Community Med Dept, Cairo, Egypt

Samy A:
 Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt

Santric-Milicevic M:
 Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia

 Univ Belgrade, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia

Sathian B:
 Hamad Med Corp, Geriatr & Long Term Care Dept, Doha, Qatar

 Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England

Sathish T:
 McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Schwebel D:
 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA

Sepanlou S:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran

 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran

Shahabi S:
 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Policy Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran

Shaheen A:
 An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine

Shahid I:
 Ziauddin Univ, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, Pakistan

Shalash A:
 Ain Shams Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt

Shams-Beyranvand M:
 Alborz Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Karaj, Iran

Shannawaz M:
 Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Med Coll Women, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Sharafi K:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran

Sheikh A:
 Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Med Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Sheikhbahaei S:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA

Shetty R:
 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Manipal, Karnataka, India

Shiferaw W:
 Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

Shigematsu M:
 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan

Il Shin J:
 Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea

Shivakumar K:
 Krishna Inst Med Sci Deemed Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Dent, Karad, India

Siabani S:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran

 Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Siddiqi T:
 Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Karachi, Pakistan

Singh B:
 Univ Sydney, Sch Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Guru Angad DevVet & Anim Sci Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Singh J:
 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA

 US Dept Vet Affairs, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA

Sintayehu Y:
 Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Sorrie M:
 Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Soyiri I:
 Univ Hull, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England

Spurlock E:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth Social & Behav Sci, New Haven, CT USA

Sreeramareddy C:
 Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Stockfelt L:
 Univ Gothenburg, Occupat & Environm Med Dept, Gothenburg, Sweden

Sufiyan M:
 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria

Abdulkader R:
 Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Tabares-Seisdedos R:
 Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain

 Carlos III Hlth Inst, Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network, Madrid, Spain

Tabuchi T:
 Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan

Taherkhani A:
 Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran

Temsah M:
 King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Thankappan K:
 Cent Univ Kerala, Dept Publ Hlth & Commun Med, Kasaragod, India

Tovani-Palone M:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil

 Modestum, London, England

Traini E:
 Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands

 Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy

Ullah S:
 Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Unnikrishnan B:
 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India

Upadhyay E:
 Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Tahbaz S:
 Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran

Varughese S:
 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Violante F:
 Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy

 SantOrsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy

Vo B:
 HUTECH Univ, Fac Informat Technol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Vu G:
 Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Waheed Y:
 Fdn Univ Islamabad, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Islamabad, Pakistan

Wang Y:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Welgan C:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Werdecker A:
 Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany

Jabbari S:
 Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Yaya S:
 Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England

 Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Yazdi-Feyzabadi V:
 Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran

 Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran

Yilma M:
 Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Yonemoto N:
 Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan

 Juntendo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan

Younis M:
 Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA

 Univ Putra Maylisia, Sch Business & Econ, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Yousefinezhadi T:
 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Injury Prevent & Safety Promot Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

Yu C:
 Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China

Yu Y:
 Hubei Univ Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Management, Shiyan, Peoples R China

Bin Zaman S:
 Monash Univ, Sch Clin Sci, Monash Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Zhang Y:
 Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Hubei Prov Key Lab Occupat Hazard Identificat & C, Wuhan, Peoples R China

Zhang Z:
 Wuhan Univ, Sch Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China

Brauer M:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Hay S:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Reiner R:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
ISSN: 2214109X





LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
Editorial
Elsevier BV, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 10 Número: 10
Páginas: 1395-1411
WOS Id: 000884756100024
ID de PubMed: 36113526
imagen Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted

FULL TEXT

imagen Published Version
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